Terms to Study for Test #1

Television 1 - Instructor J.Varner

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You will need to bring a Scantron (#882) Form to class (buy in the LACC bookstore) and a #2 pencil. This is NOT an open book test but you can use an English/Foreign Language Dictionary. There will be a total of fifty questions in the format of multiple choice & True/False will include lectures & videotapes.

Test #1 Terms Test #2 Terms Test #3 Terms

Chapter 1: Introduction to Electronic Media

The Information Superhighway
Convergence p. 3
Point to Point & Multi-Point (definitions)
Broadcasting (definition) p. 16
Common Carrier, Hybrid, etc. (definitions) p. 17

Chapter 2: From Radio to TV

Precedents to Broadcasting (pp. 20-21)
Guglielmo Marconi
- Trans-Atlantic Broadcast (1901) later RCA
Lee DeForest
- AUDION (1906) & Radiotelephony (1907)
Reginald Fessenden
- Radiotelephony from Mass. (1906)
Military Uses of Wireless (pp. 25-26)
- WWI I (1917) U.S. Navy took over stations
- & stopped all patent lawsuits afterward
- patents to AT&T, GE & Westinghouse
Radio Corporation of America (RCA)
- 1919 - American Marconi sold to to GE
- Westinghouse, AT&T, & GE (U.S. citizens)
- David Sarnoff (1891-1971) C.E.O.
KDKA - oldest U.S. station (1920) pp. 29-30
Telephone Group-AT&T / Western Electric:
- WEAF (1922 N.Y.C ) & Toll Broadcasting
Radio Group - Westinghouse:
- WJZ (1921 N.Y.C.) & air-time to sell radios
Chain (Network) Broadcasting (p. 32):
- AT&T's phone lines "networked" its stations - but not the "Radio Group's
- (1926) AT&T sold out & rented their network relays with no radio manufacture
The Networks:
- NBC (National Broadcasting Company) (1926) Radio Group: Red & Blue Networks
- CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) (1927) by William S. Paley
- ABC (American Broadcasting Co.) p. 36
- FOX by Rupert Murdoch in 1980s
- The WB (Warner Brothers Network) & UPN (United Paramount Network) 1995 (p. 48) & PAX (1998)
Radio Act Of 1912 (p. 33):
- First U.S. Radio legislation.
- Required licensing of land transmitters
Radio Act of 1927 (p. 34):
- (FRC) Federal Radio Commission which:
- Defined the broadcast band
- Channel designation by frequency
- Closed down portable transmitters
- Reduced stations operating at night
Communications Act of 1934 (p. 36):
- (FCC) Federal Communication Commission
- To regulate interstate electronic communications & revoke licenses
- Against "Chain Broadcasting" (1934-1943)
- Eliminated Dual Networks / same market
- Caused NBC to sell Blue Network to ABC
- Autonomy to network affiliates
Radio Controversies (pp. 37-39):
- (1938) Orson Well's War of the Worlds
- (1923) NAB (National Association of Broadcasters )& BMI (Broadcast Music Inc.)
Television (pp. 40-43):
- Philo T. Farnsworth (1906-1971)
- Vladimir Zworykin (1889-1982)
- First at the 1939 N.Y. World's Fair
- U.S.= (NTSC) Nat. TV Systems Committee
FCC Freeze On TV (1948 1952)
FCC 6th Report and Order (1952):
- 12-VHF &70-UHF channels (no channel 1)
- 2,000 +channels in 1,300+ communities
UHF Television (pp. 46-47)
Color TV (1953) (p. 48) B&W compatible
Videotape (1956) Invented by AMPEX
Golden Age of TV (1950s) (pp. 48-49):
- Pat Weaver (Magazine, Multi Sponsors)
- Blacklisting (McCarthy) (p. 344)
- "Quiz Show" scandals & FCC payoffs
FM Radio (pp. 51-53):
(1933) Invented by Edwin Armstrong
(1945) FCC reassignment of channels

Chapter 3: Cable & Newer Media

Cable Television:
- CATV (Community Antenna Television)
- Licensed by local municipal governments
FCC Regulations (1960s):
- 1) The "Must Carry Rule"
- 2) No Network Duplication /same day
- 3) No signals into top 100 mkts. (a hearing)
- 1972 more regs & Public Access Channels
- 1977 reversed - eliminating FCC controls
- 1984 Cable Bill de-regulation (local)
- 1992 Cable Bill gave FCC control back
- 1996 Telecommunications Bill reversed
Domestic Satellites (1972) "Open Skies Policy"
Superstation - Ted Turner in 1976 (WTBS)
Pay Cable(1972:HBO)(Home Box Office)&PPV
Other cable networks: 70's & 80's (pp. 65-53)
MMDS (Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service ) or (Wireless Cable) (p. 66)
DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite) (pp. 67-70)
Electronics Revolution: (pp. 71-77)
- (1972) First Home VCR
- (1990s) First DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)
- (1990s) Websurfing (WebTV) Webcasting
- Networks Bought/Sold (pp. 77-81):
- (1985) ABC to Cap/Cities to Disney (1995)
- (1985) NBC from RCA to GE
- (1985) CBS to Westinghouse to Viacom (1999)
- (1985) Fox Network Started (Murdoch)
- (1995) W.B. and Paramount Networks
Radio changes in ownership (p. 81)
Digital Television (DTV/HDTV):
- Adopted - 1996 to be complete by 2006

Chapter 4: How Electronic Media Work

Electromagnetism (pp. 88-89):
Speed of light waves radiates outward - travels through, solids, air, etc.
Hertz = cycles per second
- 1,000 Hz (thousand) Kilohertz
- 1,000 kHz (million) Megahertz
- 1,000 MHz (billion) Gigahertz
Std. AM radio in the U.S. = 535 1705 kHz
Std. FM radio in the U.S. = 88 108 MHz
Visible light, microwaves, X-rays = Gigahertz
Standard VHF television in the U.S. =
- Channels (2,3,4) 54 72 MHz
- Channels (5,6) 76 88 MHz
- Channels (7 through 13) 174 216 MHz
Standard UHF television in the U.S.
- Channels (14 69) 470 806 MHz
Analog vs Digital
The Carrier Wave - made by transmitter (p. 92)
- Oscillates at station's allotted frequency
Modulation = putting info on a carrier wave
- AM stands for Amplitude Modulation
- FM stands for Frequency Modulation
TV requires groups of frequencies - channels
TV= AM picture & FM sound
DTV uses 8-VSB
Wave Propagation (pp. 95-96):
- Direct Waves = "line-of-sight" path - to the horizon: (FM radio, UHF & VHF TV)
- Ground Waves: surface of earth (AM )
- Sky Waves (AM radio) off ionosphere
- Guided Waves through copper wire or pipes ( Cable TV, Carrier Current AM)
Cochannel Interference :
Same channel must have geographic sep.
VHF TV (60 miles) no consecutive numbers
- 6 MHz apart for VHF & UHF TV
AM Radio channels 10 kHz apart
- AM channels by wattage & designations
FM Radio channels 200 kHz apart
- 1st 20 channels are for educational use
- FM divides stations into three classes
Cable System Design (skip to pp. 119-123)
- Headend, Remodulates local TV channels
- Encryption, Addressability, STB

Chapter 5: Relays, Recording & the Digital Revolution

Terrestrial Relays (pp. 126-128):
- Coaxial & Fiber-Optic Cable & Microwave
Satellite Relays:
- Transponder (p. 131)
- Geostationary or geosynchronous
(ITU) International Telecommunications Union
- C band (3-6 GHz) older,
- Ku band (11-15 GHz) newer
- Ka band (17-30 GHz) future services
U.S. Analog TV:525 lines 30 frames-per-sec.
- Other countries use PAL or SECAM
Digital TV (HDTV) (skip to pp. 146-163):
- 1080 lines/multichannel audio (18 formats)
- (9 X 16) instead of (3 X 4) aspect ratio
(DAB)Digital Audio Broadcasting (pp. 153-156)
- IBOC, DARS, RBDS
The Internet (pp. 157-163)
- World Wide Webdivision of internet

Test #1 Terms Test #2 Terms Test #3 Terms

There will be a total of 50 questions in the format of Multiple Choice and True/False.

There will also be extra credit questions on the video tapes that have been shown in class.

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